Expression of angiogenic factors in the placenta of heme oxygenase-1 deficient mouse embryo

Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), the inducible form of heme degrading enzymes Hmoxs, is important for estab-lishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A growing body of evidence suggests an association between Hmox1 and angiogenesis, including placental angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the expression of two angiogenic factors in the placentas of Hmox1 deficient mouse embryos, whose expression was found to be related to that of Hmox1. Relative protein levels and localization of Hmoxs and two angiogenic factors [Vegf and Prolactin along with their receptors, and Cd31/Pecam1] were compared in the placentas of Hmox1 wildtype and knockout mouse embryos using western blotting and immunohistochemistry along with histological analysis. The results revealed tissue disorganisation, reduced area of labyrinth and smaller nuclear size of trophoblast giant cell in the placentas of knockout embryos. The levels of Hmox2, prolactin, and Cd31/Pecam1 were found to be altered in knockout placentas, whereas Vegf and its receptors seem to be unaltered in our samples. Overall, our findings imply that Hmox2 is unlikely to compensate for Hmox1 deficiency in knockout placentas, and altered levels of prolactin and Cd31/Pecam1 hint towards impaired angiogenesis in these placentas. Further investigation would be needed to understand the molecular mechanism of defective angiogenesis in the placentas of Hmox1 knockout mouse embryos.