Electrically tunable conducting oxide metasurfaces for high power applications

被引:12
|
作者
Sokhoyan, Ruzan [2 ]
Thureja, Prachi [2 ]
Sisler, Jared [2 ]
Grajower, Meir [2 ]
Shayegan, Komron [2 ]
Feigenbaum, Eyal [3 ]
Elhadj, Selim [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Atwater, Harry A. A. [2 ]
机构
[1] Seurat Technol Inc, 265 Ballardvale St, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA
[2] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Labs Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[3] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil & Photon Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
[4] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
关键词
active metasurface; cadmium oxide; free space optical communications; high power illumination; indium tin oxide; LiDAR; thermal analysis; PHASE MODULATION; RESOLUTION; LIGHT; POLARIZATION; GENERATION;
D O I
10.1515/nanoph-2022-0594
中图分类号
TB3 [工程材料学];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080502 ;
摘要
Active metasurfaces designed to operate at optical frequencies are flat optical elements that can dynamic, subwavelength-scale wavefront control of reflected or transmitted light. The practical and fundamental power-handling limits of active metasurfaces at high pulse energies and high average powers determine the potential applications for these emerging photonic components. Here, we investigate thermal performance limits of reflective gate-tunable conducting oxide metasurfaces illuminated with high power density laser beams, for both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed laser illumination. Our gate-tunable metasurfaces use indium tin oxide (ITO) as an active material, which undergoes an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) transition under applied electrical bias. We experimentally show that under CW illumination, there is no significant change in the electrically tunable metasurface optical response for high irradiances ranging from 1.6 kW/cm(2) to 9.1 kW/cm(2) when the illuminating laser beam diameter is 7 mu m. Even under an applied bias, when over 60% of the incoming light is absorbed in a 1 nm-thick charge accumulation layer within ITO, the local temperature rise in the metasurface is modest, supporting its robustness for high-power applications. Additionally, we theoretically show that in the ENZ regime, the metasurface reflectance can be increased by a factor of 10 by replacing the active ITO layer with cadmium oxide (CdO). Thus conducting oxide metasurfaces can tolerate the power densities needed in higher power applications, including free space optical communications, to light detection and ranging (LiDAR), as well as laser-based additive manufacturing.
引用
收藏
页码:239 / 253
页数:15
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