Preparation of Novel 3,4,5-Triaryl-1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives: Molecular Docking and α-Glucosidase assessment

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a growing health problem, across all globe. Many factors have contributed into this issue, among them inappropriate lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits and growing spiritual/mental concerns are to be rated higher. Likewise much research needed to be diverted in progress for treatment of DM. Herein, we report synthesis and antidiabetic activity evaluation of ten novel phenolic derivatives of triaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole 7 a-j. The compounds have synthesized using multistep reactions in acceptable purity and yields. Final step was done using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between various Schiff bases and arylnitrile oxides. 7 a-j were characterized by spectroscopic methods (H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, MS and IR) and their purities were confirmed using elemental analysis. All 7 a-j were evaluated for their alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity. All compounds showed higher activity in inhibiting the enzyme, in comparison to standard, acarbose. Compounds 7 e and 7 g exerted the best activity with the IC50 value of 193.6 and 222.0 mu M respectively. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic study approach was adopted to judge the effect of 7 e on enzyme inhibition. Finally, docking simulations revealed the possible mode of interactions between 7 e and 7 g and enzyme active sites. Final conclusion of results showed that oxadiazole scaffold/s are a potential antidiabetic target.