Anticancer Properties of Baicalin against Breast Cancer and other Gynecological Cancers: Therapeutic Opportunities based on Underlying Mechanisms

Gynecological cancers are serious life-threatening diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are considered standard therapeutic modalities for these cancers. Since the mentioned treatments have undesirable side effects and are not effective enough, further attempts are required to explore potent complementary and/or alternative treatments. This study was designed to review and discuss the anticancer potentials of baicalin against gynecological cancers based on causal mechanisms and underlying pathways. Traditional medicine has been used for thousands of years in the therapy of diverse human diseases. The therapeutic effects of natural compounds like baicalin have been widely investigated in cancer therapy. Baicalin was effective against gynecological cancers by regulating key cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Baicalin exerted its anticancer property by regulating most molecular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF kappa B, MAPK/ERK, and Wnt/beta-catenin. However, more numerous experimental and clinical studies should be designed to find the efficacy of baicalin and the related mechanisms of action.