IoT- and GIS-Based Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste Dump Yards

Globally, construction and demolition wastes (C & DW) are rapidly increasing, occupying 3 billion square yards of land for landfill. In India, C & D debris reaches 150 million tons per year, leading to environmental damage and resource wastage due to poor waste management practices. This study focuses on environmental impact analysis of air and water quality for selected construction and demolition waste dump yards for Chennai metropolitan city in India for two recycling units with 15 legal dumping yards. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to monitor and analyze environmental effect due to C & D waste dump yard. The highest concentrations of CO and CO2 in one dump site were observed at one point, with values of 7.49 ppm and 1656.06 ppm, respectively, and at another point with the lowest values of 2.3 ppm and 619.76 ppm. TDS values ranged from 269.2 mg/L to 1347.66 mg/L, and pH values ranged from 6.4 to 11.8, indicating pollution levels in drinking water. The findings suggest that improved waste management practices are urgently needed, including better regulation and enforcement of waste disposal laws, the establishment of recycling facilities with proper air and water pollution control measures, and public education campaigns for responsible waste disposal.