An integrative review of leisure education research

Leisure education (LE) is a common approach to enhance people's well-being. Yet, no systematic review exists that synthesizes LE studies, identifies gaps in the literature, and suggests future research directions. Using an integrative review design, we conducted database and hand searches as well as systematic applications of exclusion and inclusion criteria, which resulted in 64 articles. Reviewed LE studies involved diverse sex and age groups, although racial/ethnic characteristics were unclear. Most LE studies occurred in North America. People with intellectual and developmental as well as physical disabilities most frequently received LE. Typical sample size range was 10-50. LE interventions usually lasted 6-15 weeks. Researchers used various research designs and data collection methods to study effects of leisure-specific factors (e.g., leisure awareness, leisure planning) in interventions and outcomes, as well as personal and social factors (e.g., self-awareness, socialization). Overall, LE is versatile and has assisted various social groups.