Low-Data Drug Design with Few-Shot Generative Domain Adaptation

Developing new drugs for emerging diseases, such as COVID-19, is crucial for promoting public health. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced drug discovery pipelines. Generative models, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), exhibit the potential for discovering novel drug molecules by relying on a vast number of training samples. However, for new diseases, only a few samples are typically available, posing a significant challenge to learning a generative model that produces both high-quality and diverse molecules under limited supervision. To address this low-data drug generation issue, we propose a novel molecule generative domain adaptation paradigm (Mol-GenDA), which transfers a pre-trained GAN on a large-scale drug molecule dataset to a new disease domain using only a few references. Specifically, we introduce a molecule adaptor into the GAN generator during the fine tuning, allowing the generator to reuse prior knowledge learned in pre-training to the greatest extent and maintain the quality and diversity of the generated molecules. Comprehensive downstream experiments demonstrate that Mol-GenDA can produce high-quality and diverse drug candidates. In summary, the proposed approach offers a promising solution to expedite drug discovery for new diseases, which could lead to the timely development of effective drugs to combat emerging outbreaks.