Fertilizer management strategies for improved quality and yield in winter wheat

In order to study the effect of different soil amended and biological fertilizers on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorous in the wheat grain and some physiological and morphological characteristics of wheat, this experiment was performed as a split factorial arranged in randomized block design with 32 treatment and three replication for 2 years. The treatments included mycorrhiza inoculation as a main factor (without inoculation, bacterial inoculation with Glomus. mosseae, Glomus.intraradices and G. mosseae + G. intraradices), and sub factor was super absorbent polymer treatment (no application, 9 ton zeolite ha(-1), 3 kg stacosorb ha(-1) and 9 ton zeolite ha(-1) + 3 kg stacosorb ha(-1)) and phosphorous in the form of nano chelated phosphorous (no application and application 200 mg L-1). The use of G. mosseae + G. intraradices had a positive and significant effect on the biological and grain yield so that it caused an increase of 5.9% and 6.4%, respectively compared to the control. The results showed that zeolite + stacosorb resulted the most to grain yield (6903 kg ha(-1)). The highest and lowest grain nitrogen content were related to the treatment of G. mosseae + G. intraradices inoculation and nano phosphorous, with 1.75% and 1.76%, respectively. Indeed, the results showed that the use of biological fertilizer and nano phosphorous together had better results than solo application, which could be helpful in attaining high grain yields while preventing excessive phosphorous chemical fertilization, reduce environmental pollution and moving towards sustainable agriculture.