Effects of integrated care with case management and nutritional counselling for frail older adults with nutritional risk in the primary care setting

Background The effects of integrated care with case management and nutritional counselling for frail patients with nutritional risk are unclear. Objectives To assess the impact of the integrated care model for frail patients with nutritional risk in the primary care setting. Methods This was a retrospective observational study. We enrolled 100 prefrail or frail patients according to Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) aged >= 60 years with nutritional risk from the geriatric clinic. We implemented the frailty intervention model, including integrated care with comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGA), case management, and nutritional counselling by the dietitian. We obtained measures of CGA components, physical performance, body mass index (BMI), and daily caloric intake before and after the 2-month care program. We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to analyse differences after the care program and applied multiple linear regression to determine the predictive factors for CFS improvement. Results Among the 100 patients (mean age, 75.0 +/- 7.2 years; females, 71.0%; frail patients, 26%), 93% improved their CFS status, and 91% achieved > 80% of recommended daily caloric intake after the care program. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form significantly improved after the program. BMI and daily caloric intake increased significantly after nutritional counselling. The post-test short physical performance battery (SPPB) significantly increased with a faster 4 m gait speed. Baseline poor CFS was a significant predictor for CFS improvement. Conclusions Integrated care with case management and nutritional counselling for prefrail and frail patients with nutritional risk in the primary care setting may improve physical performance and nutritional status.