Transfer matrix method-based efficiency enhancement of lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9 perovskite solar cell

This work highlights an efficiency enhancement of a lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). This method calculates the optical parameters such as the absorption profile of each layer, and the total reflection profile at the front surface by considering the coherent and incoherent effect in the layers of the Cs3Sb2Br9-based PSC. The calculation of absorption and reflection is done by using the optical electric field (E-field) intensity. The optical E-field intensity profile leads the calculation of the generation of free charge carriers in the absorbing layer and results in the ideal optical current density Jopt of 24.71 mAcm(-2). Furthermore, the obtained optical parameters after the TMM-based simulation are used to design two different models; 'SCAPS model' and 'TMM model', for an electrical simulation using SCAPS-1D software. Finally, the lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9-based PSC using the 'TMM model' obtained an effective electrical performance such as JSC of 17.97 mAcm(-2), VOC of 1.54 V, FF of 74.61%, and PCE of 20.67%, respectively, which encourage for the understanding of the operational mechanism of the PSC and will contribute further efficiency improvement.