Isorhamnetin Protects Against Pentylenetetrazole Kindled Seizures by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARγ) in Mice

. Epilepsy is the most prevalent chronic neurological condition and affects 1-3% of people world-wide. The study aims to ascertain the anticonvulsant effect of isorhamnetin on (PTZ)-induced seizure and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR?) in seizure. Adult Swiss-albino mice were divided into 7 groups of 6 animals, and PTZ-kindling induced the seizure. The anticonvulsant effect of isor-hamnetin was assessed by treating the mice with different concentrations of Iso injection. The development of seizures was observed, and the seizure score was calculated into 6 levels. The aggressive behaviours, such as the approach response test (ART), touch response test (TRT), and pick-up test (PUT), were calculated after 24 h of the final injection of PTZ. The levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), oxidative markers, and inflammatory cytokines in hippocampi were determined by ELISA. The involvement of PPAR? was deter-mined by treating mice with PPAR? antagonist. After the final injection of PTZ significantly developed, the seizure was significantly reduced by the isorhamnetin. The aggressive behaviour was significantly reduced in PTZ-kindled and isorhamnetin-treated mice. Isorhamnetin also augmented the GABA, GSH, and GPx levels and reduced the MDA level in seizure mice. Moreover, Isorhamnetin reversed the inflammatory cytokine level in seizure mice near the normal level. Moreover, the results confirm that the Isorhamnetin exerted anticonvul-sant was PPAR? dependent. The current work shows that isorhamnetin can prevent PTZ-induced seizures in mice. Isorhamnetin showed effective anticonvulsant activity in PTZ-kindled mice by activating the PPAR?.