Effect of caloric restriction and low fructose consumption on oxidative damage in adults with obesity

Background: The consumption of macronutrients rich in sugars, mainly fructose, promote metabolic changes and induce insulin resistance, hepatic and extrahepatic fatty acid deposits, as well as an increase in the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Methods: Randomized clinical study, 74 subjects participated, divided into 2 group: a calorie -restricted diet (n=37) and a low -fructose diet (n=37). They were evaluated at the beginning and 6 weeks after the implementation of the diet, using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, Student's t test for two independent samples considering unequal variances and for means of two paired samples. Level p<0.05 was considered in each analysis test. Results: The body mass index (BMI) shows statistically significant differences p< 0.05 in the group with calorie restriction after applying the diet. The waist and hip circumference were modified by the implementation of the diet in each independent group (p<0.001 for each statistical difference, respectively), only the waist -hip index (WHR) was modified when the results were compared between both groups, p<0.05. In the biochemical parameters after the implementation of the diets, in the low -fructose diet group an increase in blood glucose was observed from 175.97 to 187.40 mg/dl, cholesterol from 34.05 to 36.89 mg/dl and HDL from 104.77 to 115.47 mg/dl. However, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing both groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in lipid peroxidation parameters or oxidized carbonyls. Conclusion: The modifications in hepatic metabolism could be related to the energy quantity and the source of macronutrients.