MRI characteristics due to gene mutations in a Chinese pedigree with Lafora disease

Background and PurposeLafora disease (LD) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder manifesting primarily as fatal, congenital, and neurodegenerative epilepsies. We aimed to describe the MRI characteristics due to gene mutations in a Chinese pedigree with LD. MethodsWhole-exome sequencing, muscle biopsy, pedigree analysis, and MRI analysis were conducted. Five family members (two of whom were affected by LD) were whole-genome sequenced. Longitudinal changes in brain MRI volumes were analyzed by Freesurfer. ResultsWe identified a new intron heterozygous mutation in the EMP2A gene c.71 (exon 1) G>A in a Chinese LD pedigree that was characterized by refractory seizures, progressive vision impairment, and declines in motor and cognitive functions. The patient suffered generalized tonic-clonic seizures since the age of 15 years and had severe forms of progressive myoclonic seizure. She eventually died after being admitted to the intensive care unit due to status epilepticus at the age of 24 years. Period acid Schiff staining showed positive polyglucosan particles in muscle biopsy specimens. Regions of atrophy in the whole brain, and especially in the hippocampus, were detected. ConclusionsWe identified a new heterozygous mutation (c.71+1G>A) in a Chinese LD pedigree, which broadens the mutation spectrum of LD genes. We found that the patient exhibited brain volumetric atrophy along with rapidly worsening symptoms. These results contribute to our understanding of LD.