A framework for modelling the reliability of dynamic line rating operations in a cyber-physical power system network

Incorporating dynamic line rating (DLR) with electric power grid networks necessitates the evaluation of the cyber-physical power system (CPS) reliability. Previous studies have focused on the physical (electrical) and cyber network components individually and simultaneously without considering DLR sensors or their optimal placement for effective monitoring, planning, and dispatch operations. A Markov process-based framework for assessing grid network reliability is proposed in this study to address this limitation. The framework includes the development of a meta-heuristic DLR sensor placement algorithm based on hierarchical clustering, simulation, and computation of failure and repair rates of electrical and cyber networks, and optimisation of CPS availability using the generalised reduced gradient (GRG) algorithm. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the required number of sensors on both IEEE 24-bus and IEEE 72-bus networks. The steady-state availability of the IEEE 24-bus network increased from 58.28% (5105 h) to 99.74% (8737 h) in a year, with a 25% reduction in latency. The IEEE 72-bus network increased from 52.14% (4567 h) to 74.86% (6558 h) annually when the cyber network failure rate was optimised. It, however, gave 99.61% (8726 h) annual availability when both cyber network and electrical networks were varied simultaneously. & COPY; 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.