Circulating and non-circulating proteins and nucleic acids as biomarkers and therapeutic molecules in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the second most fatal gynecological cancer. For the last decade or so significant use of non-circulating and circulating biomarkers has been highlighted. How-ever, the study of such biomarkers at nanovesicle technology such as exosomes, proteomic and genomics studies could further contribute to better identification of anomalous protein and networks which could act as potential targets for biomarker and immunotherapy development. This review provides an overview of the circulating and non-circulating biomarkers with the aim of addressing the current challenges and potential biomarkers that could lead to early ovarian cancer diagnosis and better management. By means of this review we also lay a hy-pothesis that characterization of exosomal protein, nucleic acid content from body fluids (serum, plasma, urine, etc.) can decode the secret of disease and potentially improve diag-nostic sensitivity which could further lead to more effective screening and early detection of the disease. & COPY; 2022 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).