A patient with a pulmonary hernia and chance fracture of the thoracic vertebra following a fall: A case report and literature review

Introduction and importance: Pulmonary hernia is a rare disease caused mostly by chest trauma. Patients often present with non-specific signs and symptoms. Currently, there is no unified approach to treating it. For asymptomatic pulmonary hernias, conservative treatment has been chosen in the past. However, the increasing number of cases has shown that surgery has a more positive effect on some patients with asymptomatic pulmonary hernias. Case presentation: A 63-year-old female patient who accidentally fell from an agricultural vehicle while doing farm work presented with back pain and lower limb paralysis. Her vital signs were stable. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed the patient had a pulmonary hernia, thoracic vertebra Chance fracture, rib fractures, and right hydropneumothorax. The patient received an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of the thoracic vertebra at the trauma emergency center. The postoperative chest CT scan showed that the pulmonary hernia had reset to the chest cavity. Subsequently, the patient got a pulmonary hernia repair at the thoracic surgery department. The patient was discharged on the 19th day after the injury. Long-term follow-up showed good recovery from the thoracic trauma. Clinical discussion: The patient had a pulmonary hernia combined with thoracic Chance fracture and other injuries. Surgical repair achieved satisfactory results. Conclusion: We lack guidelines on whether to manage pulmonary hernias surgically. Patients with asymptomatic pulmonary hernias particularly should have their long-term prognoses fully evaluated. Surgery is needed if the patient has high-risk factors and severe intercostal muscle defects.