Quantifying the Moderating Effect of Servant Leadership between Occupational Stress and Employee In-Role and Extra-Role Performance

The study examined the effects of occupational stress on employees' performance and extra-role performance (OCB), moderated by the servant leadership of the supervisor. Many studies have indicated that servant leadership significantly impacts employee work-related behavior. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role of occupational; stress in the context of Pakistan's public and private sectors. A multi-source cross-sectional field survey was conducted, including a diverse sample (N = 286 paired responses). The study applied SPSS (22.0) to complete the analysis, revealing that stress drastically affects employees' performance and (OCB). Main and moderated regression analysis indicated that the inverse relationship between stress and employee performance could be reduced by inducing the managers' servant leadership behavior. Therefore, the managerial approach should consider factors like organizational/regional culture and individual values.