On the Evaluation of Solar Wind's Heating Rates

Solar wind heating rates have often been calculated by fitting plasma and magnetic field data with a set of model functions. In this letter, we show that the rates obtained by such an approach strongly depend on the rather arbitrary choice one makes for these model functions. An alternative approach, consisting in monitoring the radial evolution of the adiabatic invariants, based on locally and consistently measured plasma and magnetic field parameters, is free from such a flaw. We apply this technique to a recently released Helios proton data set, and confirm the existence of a clear perpendicular heating of solar wind's protons. On the other hand, no significant change in the parallel adiabatic invariant is visible in the data. We conclude that to date, and in the distance range of 0.3-1 AU, no clear observation of a deviation of solar wind's protons from parallel adiabaticity has ever been made.