Estimates of bladder cancer burden attributable to high fasting plasma glucose: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been listed as one of the risk factors for bladder cancer. We here estimated the global, regional, and national levels of bladder cancer burden attributable to high FPG from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Bladder cancer data attributable to high FPG were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and analyzed by age, sex, year, and location. Age-standardized rates were utilized to evaluate the burden between different populations. The temporal trend of the burden was estimated through the Joinpoint analysis. Results: In 2019, high FPG contributed to 22,823.33 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4694.88-48,962.26) deaths and 399,654.91 (95% UI, 81,609.35-865,890.95) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of bladder cancer globally. Since 1990, the global age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer attributable to high FPG increased apparently by 39.18% and 41.48%, respectively. During the last 30 years, high FPG-related age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer have increased in all countries. In 2019, Central Europe showed the greatest high FPG-related age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer, but Andean Latin America had the lowest rates. Nationally, Lebanon showed the greatest high FPG-related age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer in 2019. High FPG-attributable deaths and DALYs of bladder cancer were more considerable among males and older people. Countries with high SDI showed higher levels of age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer due to high FPG and presented remarkable upward trends in rates in the last 30 years. Conclusions: Globally, the high FPG-associated bladder cancer burden has remarkably increased in all countries, and showed a higher level among countries with higher SDI. Monitoring FPG levels among patients with bladder cancer is critical to lower the corresponding burden.