Surface hydrolysis-anchored eugenol self-polishing marine antifouling coating

Traditional self-polishing antifouling coatings kill surface organisms by releasing toxic substances, which are damaging to the ecosystem. As a natural antimicrobial substance, eugenol is environmentally friendly and has been proven by different research teams to be effective in enhancing the anti-fouling effect of coatings in the real sea. While in these previous research works, the eugenol was released directly into the seawater thus cannot further serve as surface antifouling effect, leading to a limited antifouling effect of the coating. In this work, the quaternary ammonium component was introduced into the butyl ester -based resin -poly (eugenol methacrylate -acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride - hexafluo-robutyl methacrylate -methyl methacrylate -butyl methacrylate -ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) (EMQFP) coating for the first time by simple one-step free radical polymerization method. On the one hand, the eugenol produced by hydrolysis is anchored to the quaternary ammonium on the coating sur-face for a period of time due to the cationic -p interaction, instead of being released into seawater imme-diately after hydrolysis, thus increasing the utilization rate of eugenol; on the other hand, the negatively charged carboxylate groups generated after hydrolysis in the coating are mutually attracted to quater-nary ammonium through electrostatic effect, so the resin chain segment conformation on the coating sur-face adjusted to produce zwitterionic-like structure, and the hydration of zwitterionic inhibits primary fouling adhesion.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.