Evaluating Middle Cerebral Artery Plaque Characteristics and Lenticulostriate Artery Morphology Associated With Subcortical Infarctions at 7T MRI

Background: Lenticulostriate artery (LSA) obstruction is a potential cause of subcortical infarcts. However, MRI LSA evaluation at 3T is challenging. Purpose: To investigate middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaque characteristics and LSA morphology associated with subcortical infarctions in LSA territories using 7-T vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) and time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA). Study Type: Prospective. Population: Sixty patients with 80 MCA atherosclerotic plaques (37 culprit and 43 non-culprit). Field Strength/Sequence: 7-T with 3D TOF-MRA and T1-weighted 3D sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequences. Assessment: Plaque distribution (superior, inferior, ventral, or dorsal walls), LSA origin involvement, LSA morphology (numbers of stems, branches, and length), and plaque characteristics (normalized wall index, maximal wall thickness, plaque length, remodeling index, intraplaque hemorrhage, and plaque surface morphology (regular or irregular)) were assessed. Statistical Tests: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, generalized estimating equations regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and intra-class coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Plaque irregular surface, superior wall plaque, longer plaque length, LSA origin involvement, fewer LSA stems, and shorter total and average lengths of LSAs were significantly associated with culprit plaques. Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed that LSA origin involvement (OR, 28.51; 95% CI, 6.34-181.02) and plaque irregular surface (OR, 8.32; 95% CI, 1.41-64.73) were independent predictors in differentiating culprit from non-culprit plaques. A combination of LSA origin involvement and plaque irregular surface (area under curve = 0.92; [95% CI, 0.86-0.98]) showed good performance in identifying culprit plaques, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% and 86.0%, respectively. Data Conclusion: 7-T VW-MRI and TOF-MRA can demonstrate plaque involvement with LSA origins. MCA plaque characteristics derived from 7-T VW-MRI showed good diagnostic accuracy in determining the occurrence of subcortical infarctions. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3