Case Report of a Successfully Treated Scopulariopsis Infection in a Bilateral Lung Transplant Recipient

Scopulariopsis is a species of Aspergillus from the Microascaceae family. It has rarely been reported as a cause of human-borne infection. Here, we describe a 40-year-old female patient who had an invasive pulmonary Scopulariopsis infection following bilateral lung transplant. During her routine follow-up posttransplant, new nodules were found on chest computed tomography imaging, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures grew filamentous fungi, and lung biopsy was positive for Scopulariopsis. The patient had described a generalized weakness and fatigue for several weeks without cough or chest- related symptoms. After the patient received antifungal treatment, the nodules gradually disappeared, and she improved with good tolerance and without any adverse events. This was a rare case of proven invasive pulmonary Scopulariopsis infection in a lung transplant recipient that caused local disease and systemic infection, which we further analyzed by conducting a literature review. Our report can increase the current understanding pertaining to the treatment of a rare and lethal fungal opportunistic infection in immunocompromised humans.