Real-time monitoring flexible hydrogels based on dual physically cross-linked network for promoting wound healing

To achieve smart and personalized medicine, the development of hydrogel dressings with sensing proper-ties and biotherapeutic properties that can act as a sensor to monitor of human health in real-time while speeding up wound healing face great challenge. In the present study, a biocompatible dual-network composite hydrogel (DNCGel) sensor was obtained via a simple process. The dual network hydrogel is constructed by the interpenetration of a flexible network formed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) physical cross-linked by repeated freeze-thawing and a rigid network of iron-chelated xanthan gum (XG) impreg-nated with Fe3+ interpenetration. The pure PVA/XG hydrogels were chelated with ferric ions by immer-sion to improve the gel strength (compressive modulus and tensile modulus can reach up to 0.62 MPa and 0.079 MPa, respectively), conductivity (conductivity values ranging from 9 x 10 -4 S/cm to 1 x 10 -3 S/cm) and bacterial inhibition properties (up to 98.56%). Subsequently, the effects of the ratio of PVA and XG and the immersion time of Fe3+ on the hydrogels were investigated, and DNGel3 was given the most priority on a comprehensive consideration. It was demonstrated that the DNCGel exhibit good biocom-patibility in vitro , effectively facilitate wound healing in vivo (up to 97.8% healing rate) under electrical stimulation, and monitors human movement in real time. This work provides a novel avenue to explore multifunctional intelligent hydrogels that hold great promise in biomedical fields such as smart wound dressings and flexible wearable sensors.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.