An Identification Method of the Externality of Cultural Facilities from the Perspective of Spatial Distribution of Cultural Industry: A Case Study of Ningbo, China

The identification and depiction of the externality of urban facilities have always been a hot and challenging research issue in human geography and urban planning. However, most of the existing research focuses on exploring the capitalization effect of urban facilities on land prices or housing prices, while ignoring the guiding and promoting effect on related industries. Therefore, this paper proposes an identification method of the externality of cultural facilities from the perspective of cultural industrial agglomeration and industrial abundance, explores the spatial coupling between cultural facilities and cultural enterprises in the central district of Ningbo during different periods, and discusses the role mechanisms of cultural facilities in cultural industry development. Our findings reveal that the spatial pattern of cultural facilities and cultural enterprises evolved in the same way, from single-core or double-core multi-point to "triple-core multi-point," and there is a certain similarity between the change in the agglomeration pattern of cultural facilities and the evolution of the abundance of cultural enterprises. The externality of cultural facilities is mainly manifested in the promotion of quantitative growth, such as the scale of cultural industry agglomeration and qualitative development, such as industrial structure. These outcomes are mainly realized through the creation of cultural atmosphere, the integration of cultural and commercial functions, and the improvement of cultural consumption and cultural productivity. The research results can offer new policy references for the location and layout of cultural facilities and the incentive development of the cultural industry in Ningbo.