We propose a miniaturized single-beam optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) with a laser power differential structure, along with a dynamically-adjusted detection circuit. This design enables the suppression of optical fluctuation noise and the enhancement of magnetometer sensitivity. For a single-beam OPM, pump light fluctuation noise is a significant contributor to output noise. To address this, we propose an OPM with a laser differential structure that separates the pump light as a part of the reference signal before it enters the cell. The reference current and OPM output current are then subtracted to suppress the noise introduced by pump light fluctuations. To achieve optimal optical noise suppression, we implement balanced homodyne detection (BHD) with real-time current adjustment, which dynamically adjusts the reference ratio between the two currents according to their amplitude. Ultimately, we can reduce the noise introduced by pump light fluctuations by 47% of the original. The OPM with laser power differential achieves a sensitivity of 17.5 fT/Hz1/2 , with the optical fluctuation equivalent noise at 13 fT/Hz1/2.& COPY; 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement
