Child protection inequalities for Pasifika children in Aotearoa New Zealand: diverse realities

Child protection inequalities are population group differences in contact rates, experiences and outcomes of child protection systems. This article reports rates of Pasifika children's contact with the statutory child protection system at three outcomes: substantiation, having a family group conference, (FGC) or entering care (placement), and describes intersections between these outcomes and socio-economic deprivation. Including all children resident in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2019-2020 aged 0-17 years, this study compared rates between sole Pasifika, Pasifika plus other ethnicities (Pasifika+), and Non-Maori, Non-Pasifika (NMNP) children. Substantiation was twice as likely for Pasifika, even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, and Pasifika children were 25% more likely to enter care than NMNP children. As socio-economic deprivation increased, rates of substantiation increased for all groups, but most sharply for Pasifika+ children. Sole Pasifika children had the highest rate of substantiation and FGCs in the least deprived quintile of socio-economic deprivation, but the lowest FGC and placement rates in areas of highest deprivation. Pasifika+ children had double the rate of sole Pasifika children for placement in high-deprivation areas, but this was equal to the NMNP rate. Findings are analysed via theories of inequalities. Aggregated ethnic categories obscure considerable variation in within-group experiences.