Turbulent flow around a short rectangular cylinder in uniform flow at moderate Reynolds numbers

The influence of Reynolds number (Re) on the wake characteristics, Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and von-K & PRIME;arm & PRIME;an vortex shedding process around a short rectangular cylinder with length to height ratio of 0.5 was studied using particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds numbers based on cylinder height and free-stream ve-locity ranged from 3000 to 21000. The flow characteristics were analyzed using the instantaneous and mean velocity fields, as well as the Reynolds stresses, while the unsteady dynamics were elucidated using frequency spectra, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and reverse flow area. The results demonstrate that the size of the wake vortex reduced but the magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses increased with increasing Re, until Reynolds number independence is reached at Re = 10000. Regardless of Reynolds number, spectral analyses of the velocity fluctuations, POD mode coefficients and fluctuating reverse flow area showed dominant peaks at the same fundamental vortex shedding frequency. Meanwhile, instantaneous flow visualization showed that the structural coherency of the large-scale vortices increased with increasing Reynolds number. Cross-correlation analysis also revealed that the odd and even POD mode coefficients of the first two mode pairs, respectively, acted to contract and expand the instantaneous reverse flow area at the higher Reynolds numbers.