Effect of thermal radiation on aqueous hybrid nanofluid: the stability analysis

This article has aimed to analyze the stability of two distinct solutions for the Ti-alloy and multi-wall carbon nanotubes-water based hybrid nanofluid while it has been flowing over an exponentially shrinking sheet. This analysis has taken into account the impact of an inclined magnetic field, thermal buoyancy, thermal radiation, and heat generation. To accomplish this, the Choi and Eastman model has been employed to establish mathematical equations. The equations have been transformed from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. The shooting method, together with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order technique, has been used to solve the transformed similarity equations. As an outcome, the existence of dual solutions has been seen for this problem. An eigenvalue approach has been used to test the stability of these dual solutions, revealing that only the 1st solution has been physically reliable in practical applications, while the 2nd has not been physically reliable. In-depth analysis of different flow parameters on various profiles has been extensively discussed, and the locations of flow separation points have been identified. The first solution has shown that the velocity, skin friction, and heat transfer rate have decreased with increased thermal radiation while the temperature has increased. On the other hand, when the thermal buoyancy parameter has increased, the stable solution has demonstrated that the velocity, skin friction, and heat transfer rate have increased while the temperature has decreased. Streamlined patterns have been illustrated to facilitate an understanding of fluid flow behavior. Finally, the article concludes that studies of this nature have had significant applications in the aerospace and medical industries.