Latest approaches on green hydrogen as a potential source of renewable energy towards sustainable energy: Spotlighting of recent innovations, challenges, and future insights

Today, the generation of carbon-neutral hydrogen from renewable energy can be considered a significant achievement toward a circular bioeconomy in this industry. In contrast, carbon production is rising globally, with energy-related carbon emissions accounting for two-thirds of global emissions. Now, an energy factor is required to mitigate the correlation between economic growth and rising carbon emissions. This is where green hydrogen generation can enter the renewable energy equation. Hydrogen can contribute to reducing gas emissions in the coming decades, not only as a potential technology for the future but also as a successful technology already being implemented globally. This review aims to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon, by examining the possible pathways to a hydrogen-capable clean energy future. To this end, this article has challenged a deeper perspective on the relationship between hydrogen as a green fuel and renewable energy, as well as the economics of hydrogen supply considering the steadily declining costs of renewables and the role of hydrogen in energy transport as well as provides strategic considerations and applications.