High-Throughput Host-Microbe Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Ferroptosis-Associated Heterogeneity during Acinetobacter baumannii Infection

Interactions between host and bacterial cells are integral to human physiology. The complexity of host-microbe interactions extends to different cell types, spatial aspects, and phenotypic heterogeneity, requiring high-resolution approaches to capture their full complexity. The latest breakthroughs in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have opened up a new era of studies in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we first report a high-throughput cross-species dual scRNA-seq technology by using random primers to simultaneously capture both eukaryotic and bacterial RNAs (scRandom-seq). Using reference cells, scRandom-seq can detect individual eukaryotic and bacterial cells with high throughput and high specificity. Acinetobacter baumannii (A.b) is a highly opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen that displays resistance to many antibiotics, posing a significant threat to human health, calling for discoveries and treatment. In the A.b infection model, scRandom-seq witnessed polarization of THP-1 derived-macrophages and the intracellular A.b-induced ferroptosis-stress in host cells. The inhibition of ferroptosis by Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) resulted in the improvement of cell vitality and resistance to A.b infection, indicating the potential to resist related infections. scRandom-seq provides a high-throughput cross-species dual single-cell RNA profiling tool that will facilitate future discoveries in unraveling the complex interactions of host-microbe interactions in infection systems and tumor micro-environments.