Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Chemical Agents and Microbial Contamination in Cosmetic Products: A Review

Cosmetics are items that are used to enhance the appearance of skin complexion. Common cosmetics include lipstick, foundation, eyeliner, contour, skin primer, blushes, and other similar items. Cosmetics may cause allergies to the human body such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), and anaphylaxis. Cosmetic allergies are becoming more common, owing to the preservatives and perfumes utilized in the goods. Microbial contamination, viz. bacteria (Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Bacillus, Pseudomonas etc.), molds and yeasts are also associated with cosmetics, resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Patches and skin prick tests were used to quickly identify allergies. Once particular allergies have been discovered, patients should be educated about which drugs may be taken safely in the future. This review aims to provide cosmetology information to understand the causative agents, detection tests, and management to enhance the knowledge about ACD due to cosmetics.