Mujeres Guerreras: Negotiating Women's Empowerment in Colombia

This research is based on nine months of ethnographic fieldwork with a formalized youth hip-hop organization in Colombia whose broad work with youth included a mission of women's and girls' empowerment. Throughout this article, I show how young women, through their affiliation with this professionalized organization, utilized city spaces to articulate opposition to gender-based inequalities and marginalization, within a larger context of protracted armed conflict and everyday violence. In these spaces, women configured themselves as hip-hop "guerreras" (warriors) and "luchadoras," (fighters) to convey their fortitude while minimizing risk. I argue that they balanced "uncivic" modalities of hip-hop with a civic language of empowerment to garner support for their labor and causes. By examining women's NGO affiliations and their creative performances, I show how women simultaneously reinforced sanctioned rhetoric of empowerment while strategically carving spaces to craft media intended to challenge dominant ideologies.