Identifying post-suburbanization: The case of the Jakarta metropolitan area (JMA)

The post-suburban notion suggests the transformation of suburbs due to infrastructure expansion and connectivity between primary and smaller cities, which leads to polycentricity. This paper examines postsuburbanisation by examining commuting patterns, origin-destination, and commuters' socio-economic characteristics in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). This study uses cross-sectional commuting survey data in 2014 and 2019 to investigate the post-suburbanisation process by three indicators; (i) spatial dependence of job and school activities to Jakarta is limited, (ii) maturity of sub-urban is higher in outer districts as it is more attractive for middle-upper class and older migrants and (iii) segregation as a higher share of commuters from adjacent districts. This paper contributes to the post-suburbanisation literature by highlighting the importance of commuting data and the dynamic of urban socio-spatial in a developing country that calls for multilevel institutional arrangements to manage the metropolitan.