The Existential Challenge of Religious Pluralism: Religion, Politics, and Meaning in Life

Three studies tested the hypothesis that exposure to pluralistic (vs. non-pluralistic) attitudes about religion would enhance mood but lower meaning in life. Studies 1 (N = 827) and 2 (N = 852) showed that pluralistic attitudes about Christianity (Study 1) and Islam (Study 2) led to better mood but lower meaning in life than non-pluralistic and control passages. In both studies, condition effects were stronger among those low on conservatism. Study 3 (N = 1043) directly replicated Study 1 and showed that the existential threat of pluralism is mediated by personal uncertainty, particularly for those who are less conservative. Religious pluralism is important to a healthy, functioning society, yet threatens the experience of meaning in life by enhancing personal uncertainty. Interventions to overcome this psychological hurdle are discussed.