Text Mining Approach for Trend Tracking in Scientific Research: A Case Study on Forest Fire

Scientific studies are increasing day by day with the development of technology. Today, more than 171 billion academic records are made available to researchers via the Web of Science database, which is frequently followed by the scientific community, and is where records of articles, proceedings, and books in many different fields are kept. More than 40 thousand studies are reached when a search is made for research on forest fires in the relevant database. It is unfeasible to examine and read so many publications and understand what topics are important in the relevant field, what is trending, or whether there is a difference between the subjects studied based on years and/or regions/countries. The most effective and scientific method of deriving information from such large and unstructured data is text mining. In this study, text mining is used to reveal where the research on forest fires in the Web of Science database concentrates, which study topics have emerged, how an issue's level of importance changes over the years, and which topics different countries focus on. Therefore, the abstracts of approximately 32 thousand articles published in English were collected and analyzed based on the country of the authors and the published years. Over 600 words in the abstracts were indexed for each article and their importance was calculated according to inverse document frequency. A size reduction was made to determine the main concepts of the articles by using the singular value decomposition and a total of 29 different concepts were found. Among these, important concepts can be mentioned such as damage to vegetation and species affected, post-fire actions, fire management, and post-fire structural changes. Considering all the articles, studies on soil, fuel (biofuel), treatment, emissions, and species were found to be important. The results we have obtained in this study are by no means a summary of the research carried out in the field; they do, however, allow statistical due diligence concerning, for example, which subjects are important in the relevant field, the determination of increasing and decreasing trending topics, which countries attach importance to in the same research, and so on. Thus, it will function as be a guide in terms of the direction, timing, and budget allocation of research plans in a specific area in the future.