Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome and knee osteoarthritis: A case report and a literature review

Introduction: Klippel Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by wine staining, varicose veins, bone hypertrophy, and soft tissue hyperplasia. KTS usually occurs at birth, early infancy or childhood. The rarity of disease makes it difficult to calculate its incidence rate. However, few studies report the incidence rate of 2 to 5 cases per 100 thousand. Furthermore, evidence demonstrates that KTS is more prevalent among males compared to females. Case presentation: An elderly male aged 67, was admitted to the hospital for chronic pain in his left knee. An outpatient physical examination reveals a significantly thicker left lower limb accompanied by multiple varicose veins. The right lower limb was 2 cm short on the opposite side, and the right foot was stunted with high arch deformity. The entire body was covered in a red grape globus, which faded after pressing. He was diagnosed with KTS. We performed TKA for him after blood coagulation examination. The patient recovered well after the operation. He was followed up for 1 year, The patient is in good condition and satisfied with the operation. Conclusion: For patients with KTS, total knee arthroplasty is an effective surgical procedure to treat arthritis. However, some risks must be considered, and appropriate surgical preparation must be undertaken.