Comprehensive assessment system and spatial difference analysis on development level of green sustainable agriculture based on life cycle and SA-PP model

Consider the whole life cycle process of agricultural green production, a comprehensive evaluation index system of agricultural green development level is constructed by integrating the agricultural cycle development process from input, production to output. It consists 3 subsystems (green input, green production and green product) and 19 indicators. Simulated annealing algorithm was used for projection pursuit optimization. The comprehensive evaluation index system and simulated annealing-projection pursuit model are applied to the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural green development level in 31 provinces of China from 2013 to 2020, and the differences between the eastern, central and western regions are analyzed. The results suggest that: (1) The green production subsystem accounts for the largest proportion in the evaluation index system. (2) From 2013 to 2020, the agricultural greening level in China develops rapidly. In 2013, only Heilongjiang, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces reached a high level of agricultural greening. However, in 2020, there are 14 provinces at the high level of agricultural greening. (3) From 2013 to 2020, there were significant differences between eastern, central and western China, and the differences are still increasing. The order of the green development capacities of agriculture are central > eastern > western, indicating that China's agricultural green development is unbalanced. This study provides scientific decision-making basis for comprehensive evaluation and analysis of agricultural green development level and green agriculture development in China.