Strategies for acellular graft scaffolds as alternatives to tissue regeneration

Autologous grafts represent the gold standard for regenerated tissues after diseases, trauma or defects. However, the main problems of this strategy are availability, donor site morbidity and postoperative complications. For this reason, a new approach in tissue engineering looks at scaffolds obtained through the decellularization of native extracellular matrices as an alternative technology to circumvent these limitations. Thus, this review aims to focus on the potential for use of acellular grafts, particularly on the methods of decellularization and recellularization, and continues with their application as part of the formulation of bioinks, which would represent a breakthrough in the field of biofabrication due to their naturally bioactive composition, preserving tissue architecture and structural integrity as a potential alternative for tissue regeneration.