Biomimetic Two-Dimensional Composited Membranes for Ion Separation and Desalination

Inspired by cell membranes, with high efficiency and precision separation for water and ions, development of biomimetic membranes using two-dimensional (2D) materials and responsive molecules/macromolecules has been emerging. Herein, this review overviews the recent development of biomimetic 2D composited membranes integrating 2D materials and the responsive subunits for water and ion separation. The review highlights the design concepts and various fabrication strategies, such as coating, layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, electrochemical deposition, and filtration. The biomimetic 2D composited membranes are preliminarily achieved for adjustable ion separation and desalination. The challenges with biomimetic 2D composite membranes are also discussed, including the intricate mass transfer mechanisms and stability during operation. With the exceptional functionalities offered by angstrom-scale 2D nanochannels, biomimetic 2D composite membranes hold great potential in shaping the future of cutting-edge separating membranes, opening new avenues for advanced separation technologies.