Numerical Simulation of Transient Submerged Entry Nozzle Clogging With Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange Frameworks

In this paper, the user-defined function (UDF) is firstly used to couple the porous medium model and the Euler-Euler two-fluid model, and the integrated SEN clogging model including the SEN clogging formation and growth, and liquid steel fluid flow dominated by the deposition of non-metallic inclusion particles is established. The simulation results of the SEN clogging under the Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange frameworks are both in good agreement with the measured results. With the increase of the distance from the nozzle inlet, the clogging thickness first increases, then remains stable, and slightly decreases. The clogging at the bottom of the nozzle is most serious and presents a conical shape. The polyhedral mesh is better than that of the hexahedral structure mesh for SEN clogging simulation. With the flow space of molten steel extruded and clogged, the molten steel jet is concentrated and strengthened under the constant steel throughput. The average inclination angle of molten steel jet from the nozzle side port first increases and then decreases slightly with time. The volume fraction of the clogging increases rapidly at first, and then the growth rate of the clogging decreases.