Culture, Social Class and the Dynamics of the Self

被引:0
|
作者
Kuehnen, Ulrich [1 ]
Kitayama, Shinobu [2 ]
机构
[1] Constructor Univ Bremen, Sch Business Social & Decis Sci, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
[2] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 1004 East Hall,530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
关键词
Social class; Self-construal; Independence-interdependence; Holistic vs analytic cognition; Mutual constitution of culture and the self; Soziale Schicht; Selbst-Konzept; Independenz-Interdependenz des Selbst; Holistisches vs. analytisches Denken; Wechselseitige Bestimmung von Kultur und Selbst; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM; CONTEXT; SELVES; JAPAN; WEST;
D O I
10.1007/s11577-024-00935-5
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
In an ongoing cycle of mutual constitution, culture, the self, and associated psychological tendencies dynamically interact. Prior studies show that people from Western individualist cultures construe the self in independent terms (stressing their uniqueness and separation from others), promoting analytic, context-independent ways of thinking. In contrast, people from Eastern collectivist cultures emphasize their interdependence and connectedness with others, promoting more holistic, context-sensitive ways of thinking. Recently, this literature has been extended to study within-culture variations by socio-economic status (SES). This work has suggested that higher SES contexts foster the view of the self as an independent agent and analytic cognitive tendencies. By contrast, individuals from lower SES tend to emphasize interdependence with others while displaying more holistic cognitive tendencies. Of importance, these SES differences are embedded in larger socio-cultural contexts differing in individualism and collectivism. Hence, the relationship among SES, self-construal, and cognitive tendencies can sometimes vary dramatically between cultures. In einem fortwahrenden Wechselverhaltnis konstituieren sich Kultur, das Selbst und die damit verbundenen psychologischen Tendenzen gegenseitig. Zahlreiche Studien zeigen, dass westliche, individualistische Kulturangehorige ihr Selbst durch independente (d. h. die eigene Einzigartigkeit und Unabhangigkeit betonende) Konzepte definieren, die generell analytisches und kontextunabhangiges Denken befordern. Demgegenuber betonen fernostliche, kollektivistische Kulturangehorige ihre Interdependenz und Verbundenheit mit anderen, was eher holistisches, kontext-sensitives Denken befordert. In jungerer Zeit sind diese Erkenntnisse auch auf den Vergleich von Personen mit unterschiedlichem sozio-okonomischen Status (SES) innerhalb von Kulturen angewendet worden. So zeigen Personen mit hoherem SES typischerweise eine eher independente Selbstsicht und tendieren zu analytischem Denken. Im Vergleich halten Personen mit niedrigerem SES eher interdependente Selbstkonzepte und zeigen tendenziell starker holistisches Denken. Allerdings sind diese sozialen Schichtunterschiede ihrerseits wiederum eingebettet in den weiteren kulturellen Kontext individualistischer und kollektivistischer Gesellschaften. Daher kann die Beziehung zwischen SES, dem Selbstkonzept und den mit ihm verbundenen psychologischen Tendenzen stark zwischen Kulturen variieren.
引用
收藏
页码:789 / 806
页数:18
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [41] Self-Esteem and the Reproduction of Social Class
    James, Spencer L.
    Amato, Paul R.
    SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY, 2013, 94 (04) : 933 - 955
  • [42] INSTITUTIONS OF CULTURE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS
    Rashkovskaya, Kseniya A.
    Rashkovskii, Evgenii B.
    MIROVAYA EKONOMIKA I MEZHDUNARODNYE OTNOSHENIYA, 2021, 65 (01): : 114 - 122
  • [43] Death, working-class culture and social distinction
    Conway, Steve
    HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW, 2012, 21 (04): : 441 - 449
  • [44] Brain research and the social self in a technological culture
    Durbin P.T.
    Durbin, Paul T. (pdurbin@udel.edu), 1600, Springer London (32): : 253 - 260
  • [45] Winners and losers: Class dynamics and social protection in Pakistan
    Mumtaz, Zahid
    Roelen, Keetie
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, 2025, 34 (02)
  • [46] CLASS AS COMMUNITY - THE NEW DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL-CHANGE
    FITZGERALD, J
    ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING D-SOCIETY & SPACE, 1991, 9 (01): : 117 - 128
  • [47] Class, Culture and Culinary Tastes: Cultural Distinctions and Social Class Divisions in Contemporary Norway
    Flemmen, Magne
    Hjellbrekke, Johs.
    Jarness, Vegard
    SOCIOLOGY-THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, 2018, 52 (01): : 128 - 149
  • [48] Exploring the social context of self-leadership-Self-leadership-culture
    Bracht, Eva Maria
    Junker, Nina Mareen
    van Dick, Rolf
    JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2018, 2 (04) : 119 - 130
  • [49] Self-disclosure and Privacy Calculus on Social Networking Sites: The Role of Culture Intercultural Dynamics of Privacy Calculus
    Krasnova, Hanna
    Veltri, Natasha F.
    Guenther, Oliver
    BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 2012, 4 (03) : 127 - 135
  • [50] Social class, identity and the 'good' student: Negotiating university culture
    Pearce, Jane
    Down, Barry
    Moore, Elizabeth
    AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, 2008, 52 (03) : 257 - 271