Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig tumor: A tricky tumor case report

Introduction and importance: Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are a rare sex cord-stromal tumors, ac-counting for <0,2 % of all ovarian malignancies. As these tumors are found at an early stage in young women, the whole management dilemma is finding the right balance between a treatment efficient enough to prevent re-currences but that still enables fertility-sparing.Case presentation: We report the case of a 17 years old patient hospitalized in the oncology and gynecology ward of the university hospital Ibn Rochd in Casablanca, presenting a moderately differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in the right ovary, our aim is to analyze the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of this rare tumor that can be tricky to diagnose and review the different management therapies available and the challenges they present.Clinical discussion: Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors that should not be misdiagnosed. The prognosis of patients with grade 1 SLCT is excellent without adjuvant chemotherapy. Inter-mediate and poorly differentiated SLCTs require a more aggressive management. Complete surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered.Conclusion: Our case reaffirms that in the presence of a pelvic tumor syndrome and signs of virilization, SLCT should be suspected. The treatment is essentially surgical, if diagnosed early on, we can offer an effective treatment that preserves their fertility. Efforts should be focused on the creation of regional and international registries of SLCT cases in order to achieve greater statistical power in future studies.