Unravelling the conductivity behaviour of thermally stable Li2O-Bi2O3-B2O3-P2O5 glasses embedded with V2O5

Solid state batteries are becoming more in demand owing to the advancement of EV technology. However, use of liquid electrolytes has become problematic due to their explosive nature. As a result, a lot of research is being done on solid electrolyte-based batteries (also known as "solid state batteries") that employ glasses and alkali metal anodes consisting of Li+, Na+, K+. Herein we demonstrate the influence of V2O5 content on the conductivity characteristics along with their structural and thermal properties of melt-quenched V2O5-substituted lithium-bismuth-boro-phosphate glasses. The produced glasses were meticulously examined using XRD, FTIR, DTA, 11B-NMR, EPR, and impedance analyzer methods. Structural studies reveal the formation of noncrystalline/amorphous glasses having thermal stability up to 800 degrees C. Both FTIR and 11B-NMR results reveals the presence of borate groups, i.e., both BO4 and BO3. Additionally, EPR results exhibits hyperfine splitting of tetragonal V2O5, whose distortion varies with the content of V2O5 in the host glass. Furthermore, impedance and dielectric spectroscopy were used to explore the ac and dc conductivities in the frequency and temperature ranges 10 Hz - 3 MHz and 473-623 K respectively. The analyzed results show that both ac and dc conductivities increase with V2O5 content and the conductivity is more ionic in nature. Overall, the investigated results will enhance the fundamental understanding of conducting behaviour of glasses containing alkali and transition metal ions for the development of solid-state batteries.