Horse Grimace Scale Does Not Detect Pain in Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

被引:5
|
作者
Ferlini Agne, Gustavo [1 ]
May, Bridget Eileen [1 ]
Lovett, Amy [2 ]
Simon, Olivier [1 ]
Steel, Catherine [3 ]
Santos, Luiz [4 ]
do Carmo, Laize Guedes [5 ]
Barbosa, Bianca [5 ]
Werner, Lais Cristine [5 ]
Daros, Ruan R. [5 ]
Somogyi, Andrew A. [6 ]
Sykes, Benjamin [2 ]
Franklin, Samantha [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Adelaide, Sch Anim & Vet Sci, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
[2] Massey Univ, Sch Vet Med, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
[3] Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Dept Vet Clin Serv, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Glasgow, Sch Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
[5] Pontificia Univ Catolica Parana, Sch Med & Life Sci, Grad Program Anim Sci, BR-80215901 Curitiba, Brazil
[6] Univ Adelaide, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Discipline Pharmacol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
来源
ANIMALS | 2023年 / 13卷 / 10期
关键词
horse grimace scale; grimace; pain behaviours; pain scale; horse welfare; equine gastric ulcer; squamous gastric disease; glandular gastric disease; PREVALENCE; OMEPRAZOLE; VALIDATION; RESPONSES; EXERCISE; PORTION; STOMACH; ACIDS;
D O I
10.3390/ani13101623
中图分类号
S8 [畜牧、 动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂];
学科分类号
0905 ;
摘要
Stomach ulcers (known as equine gastric ulcer syndrome [EGUS]) are a common finding in horses However, the amount of pain horses with EGUS might experience is currently unknown and this knowledge could allow for better clinical decision making and improved horse welfare. The study aim was to assess the use of a pain scale score system, the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS), in horses suffering from EGUS. Facial photographs for HGS evaluation were taken of all horses. Gastroscopy is the gold standard procedure for diagnosis of EGUS, and involves examining the stomach with a video-endoscope. Horses (n = 61) were divided into groups based on the presence and severity of EGUS as determined via gastroscopy. Horses with concurrent lameness or other signs of illness were excluded. Comparisons were made of the HGS between horses, with and without gastric lesions. This is the first study investigating the use of the HGS in horses with and without EGUS. The HGS scores were not influenced by the presence or severity of EGUS and no significant differences were noted between groups. Further studies investigating the use of different pain scales in horses with EGUS are needed. Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a highly prevalent and presumptively painful condition, although the amount of pain horses might experience is currently unknown. The aims of this study were to determine if the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) could identify pain behaviours in horses with and without EGUS and if severity would be positively associated with the HGS score. Horse grimace scale scores were assessed blindly using facial photographs by seven observers and involved evaluation of 6 facial action units as 0 (not present), 1 (moderately present) and 2 (obviously present). Lameness examination, serum amyloid A (SAA) measurement and gastroscopy evaluation were performed on all horses. Horses (n = 61) were divided into two and three groups based on the presence (yes, no) and severity (none, mild, moderate-severe) of EGUS, respectively. Presence of lameness and elevated SAA ( >= 50 mu g/mL) were used as exclusion criteria. Inter-observer reliability was analyzed by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). HGS scores between groups were compared using Welch's and Brown Forsythe tests (p < 0.05). Overall, HGS ICC was "excellent" (0.75). No significant differences (p = 0.566) were observed in HGS scores between horses with and without gastric lesions (mean, 95% CI; 3.36, 2.76-3.95 and 3, 1.79-4.20, respectively). HGS was not influenced by the presence or severity of EGUS in this current study. Further studies investigating the use of different pain scales in horses with EGUS are needed.
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页数:12
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