Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Energy Management Systems: A Review

The electric grid is being increasingly integrated with renewable energy sources whose output is mostly fluctuating in nature. The load demand is also increasing day by day, mainly due to the increased interest in electric vehicles and other automated devices. An energy management system helps in maintaining the balance between the available generation and the load demand and thus optimizes the energy usage. It also helps in reducing the peak load, green-house gas emissions, and the operational cost. Energy management can be performed at different levels and is essential for realizing smart homes, smart buildings, and even smart grid. The different objectives considered for designing energy management systems are reduction of emissions, energy cost, operational cost, peak demand, etc. Many traditional and hybrid nature-inspired algorithms are used for optimizing these various objectives. This paper intends to give an overview about the various nature-inspired algorithms used for optimizing energy management systems in homes, buildings, and micro grid.