High-Nickel Heterostructured Cathodes with Local Stoichiometry Control for High-Voltage Operation

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries to power electric vehicles and other energy-dense devices continues to fuel the need for cathodes of increasingly higher nickel in cathodes. The relentless pursuit of high Ni content, however, raises concerns on compromising cell lifetime and safety, especially under high-voltage operation. Alternative to the traditional design of uniform or core-shell composition, we report a rational control of local stoichiometry in high-Ni cathodes, enabling their high thermal and cycling stabilities-up to 258 & DEG;C at the fully charged state and 91.4% capacity retention for 100 cycles between 2.7 and 4.4 V. Multimodal synchrotron X-ray characterization unveils the heterostructure of secondary particles, featuring a high-Ni core (LiNi0.90Mn0.05Co0.05O2) covered by a thin Ni-gradient layer that remains stable over prolonged cycling due to suppressed oxygen release and structural deterioration. This work underlines, the intricate interplay between local stoichiometry and redox reactions in stabilizing high-Ni cathodes for high-voltage operation while ensuring safety. Herein, a rational control of local stoichiometry in high-nickel heterostructured cathodes, alternative to the traditional design of uniform or core-shell composition, enabling high thermal and cycling stabilities when operating to high voltages, is reported. This work underlines, the intricate interplay between local stoichiometry and redox reactions in stabilizing high-Ni cathodes for high-voltage operation while ensuring safety.image & COPY; 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH