Insight into Nano-Fillers and Their Reinforcement onto Polylactic Acid

The increasing concern over environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics has resulted in a growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biopolymer that has gained significant attention as a potential replacement for traditional plastics due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Nevertheless, PLA needs further research and development due to its lack of physio-chemical aspects. PLA is blended with additives in the form of bio or chemical-based nanofillers (NFs) to improve its physio-chemical, mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. This comprehensive review explores the various types of NFs and their synthesis methods. The various processes employed for blending PLA and NFs are presented. The potential of incorporating NFs with PLA to enhance its properties is also explored. Through a critical analysis of current research, this review aims to evaluate the efficacy of this approach and assess the potential applications of PLA-NF blends in the food processing industry, bone tissue engineering, and skin generation.