A Dynamic Routing for External Communication in Self-driving Vehicles

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are considered as a modification of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). They provide wireless ad hoc communication between vehicles and vehicle to roadside equipment. VANET provides an automated, safe, and secure traffic system. Several types of routing protocols have been modified for automated traffic. Many previous protocols such as Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) have shown some weakness in performance. In this paper, a Dynamic AODV (DAODV) routing protocol is proposed that can adapt to various types of mobility and traffic scenarios, such as highway, rural and urban. AODV routing protocol is enhanced by designing a cooperative virtual bridge between vehicles and the nearest Road Side Unit (RSUs) to provide more than one path between the source and destination cars. This work was tested for thirty rounds. In each round, the cooperative routing protocol generated ten various paths between two nodes. In these cases, each RSU finds all available paths between nodes simultaneously. This protocol will have the ability to provide more than one path and reduce the possibility of packet loss between nodes. Simulation results prove that DAODV can improve the communication performance between self-driving and semi self-driving vehicles.