Hypnotherapy for chronic pelvic pain: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is typically managed with anti-inflammatory analgesics and opioids; however, these do not adequately manage the pain or address the associated negative impact on quality of life. Hypnotherapy has been found to reduce pain associated with a range of disorders, including some with symptoms of chronic pain. Aim: The aim of this review is to systematically scope research investigating the use of hypnosis on chronic pelvic pain, quality of life, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Method: The scoping review was guided by the method described by Arksey and O'Mallee [1]. A systematic search was conducted in six databases. The Covidence Risk of Bias tool and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool were used. Results: Nine studies (four RCT's and five case series) were suitable for inclusion. Meta-analysis of the RCT's found no significant difference in pain or quality of life for the intervention group compared to controls. Only one study reported a reduction in pain after hypnotherapy and did not outperform controls. These results are limited due to lack of a standardised intervention and heterogeneity of the included studies. Conclusion: There is a need for further research using well designed randomized controlled trials with validated measures of pain, quality of life, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Hypnotherapy interventions utilised in further research should be grounded in evidence-based best practice for dealing with pain.