Enhanced Anti-Proliferative Effect of Carboplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cells Exploiting Chitosan-Poly (Lactic Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles

Objective: The present article aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin (CP) using the formulation of chitosan-poly (lactic glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CS-PLGA NPs). Methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized by an ionic gelation method and were characterized for their morphology, particle size, and surface potential measurements by TEM and zeta sizer. This study was highlighted for the evaluation of drug entrapment, loading and in vitro drug release capabilities of the prepared nanoparticles by spectrophotometric analysis. The stability study was also conducted after 3 months for their particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies. Further, ovarian cancer cell line PEO1 was used to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of nano-formulation by MTT assay. Additionally, the study was evaluated for apoptosis using flow cytometric analysis. Results: The CS-PLGA-CP NPs were uniform and spherical in shape. The particle size and zeta potential of CS-PLGA-CP NPs were measured to be 156 +/- 6.8 nm and +52 +/- 2.4 mV, respectively. High encapsulation (87.4 +/- 4.5%) and controlled retention capacities confirmed the efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles in a time and dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity assay results also showed that CS-PLGA-CP NPs have a high efficiency on PEO1 cells compared to the free drug. The flow cytometric result showed 64.25% of the PEO1 cells were apoptotic, and 8.42% were necrotic when treated with CS-PLGA-CP NPs. Conclusion: Chitosan-PLGA combinational polymeric nanoparticles were not only steady but also non-toxic. Our experiments revealed that the chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles could be used as a challenging vehicle candidate for drug delivery for the therapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer.